lunes, noviembre 21, 2022
viernes, noviembre 18, 2022
sábado, noviembre 05, 2022
Defensa del presidente Gabriel Boric. "Boric fue tallado en el clima frío de Magallanes. Posee sangre fría, prudencia y pertinacia"
No imito a nadie si digo que la culpa de la gran derrota del
Apruebo fue una campaña electoral idealista y unilateral de la izquierda
allendista de soplo jacobino.
ALLENDISTAS
JACOBINOS EN LA ISLA DE ELBA
Tampoco deseo ser original si digo que hoy la confusión de esa
izquierda es tan gigante, como la cordillera de Los Andes. Están en la agreste
isla de Elba, exiliados tristes por lo que pudo haber sido y no fue. No son
felices. Vencer o ser vencido no es indiferente. Es triste salir del sueño. Confundidos,
usan palabras enfáticas, palabras horribles, palabras algodonosas que afean su reflexión.
Frases incidentes de adjetivos y adverbios, un vicio de los dolidos derrotados que
los lleva al vano arrebato: ya no pueden modificar el pasado.
Un sector de políticos, sociólogos y analistas de izquierda
jacobina se declaran materialistas, pero ya sus análisis no se basan en las
clases sociales. Allendistas jacobinos los
hay en las dos coaliciones de gobierno, el Socialismo Democrático y Apruebo
dignidad. Hay análisis idealistas de los Jadue, los Álvaros Ramis, los Mayol,
las Alejandra Matus, etc. Obvian una cosa que me interesa incorporar al debate:
Ver global.
Levantar la vista y ver el exponencial surgimiento de la Clase
Media Mundial (CMM).
Definición: La “clase media” son las personas que reciben el
ingreso necesario para cubrir sus necesidades básicas del mes. Alimentos, ropa
y alojamiento, y un poco más para salir a comer a un restaurant, tener
televisión por cable, auto.
La CMM era mil millones en 1990. Ahora estamos llegando a los
4 mil millones. Pronto será el 50 % de la población mundial.
Son cada vez más, viven más y viven mejor.
Ha crecido principalmente en los países asiáticos, digamos, India
y China.
Tienen un consumo aspiracional por tecnología, moda, autos,
viajes.
CARACTERÍSTICAS
DE CMM
1.
Son trabajadores independientes o por cuenta
propia, emprendedores que se han hecho un poco solos y sin apoyo del Estado. Buscan
el confort, la elegancia, el buen humor, el buen vivir.
2.
Son cautelosos. Sus valores son patrimoniales o de
valores de la familia. Sus ideas políticas
proceden del viejo liberalismo, de ideas vagamente libertarias.
3.
Sus gustos culturales tienden a ser estandarizados.
Tienden a uniformarse. Monotonía y conformidad. Suavizan los bordes del gusto, les
gusta un lugar tan standard como un aeropuerto. Limpio como cualquier
aeropuerto. Consumen las llamadas narrativas aspiracionales: "Qué la limpieza y el lujo sea accesible".
4.
Pueden ser buenas personas, pero ya no leen
diarios: sólo leen titulares en
internet. Una
minoría lee libros interesantes, pero la gran mayoría está en las redes, en las
resonancias más divertidas, más desvergonzadas, más deslenguadas, más
insolentes, más listos, que no inteligentes.
5.
Son vulnerables. Un porcentaje viven en los
límites o cercano a la inseguridad económica. Hay mucha informalidad, sin
protección o seguridad social. Son
frágiles y tienen miedo razonable a caer en la inseguridad. Miedo.
6.
Su miedo tiene bases reales. La movilidad
social es ascendente, pero puede ser descendente también. Basta una enfermedad
en la familia para que el ingreso no les permita llegar a fin de mes. Eso da
miedo. Aprensión. Un estudio del Banco Mundial estableció que desde el año
2020 más de 2 millones 300 mil personas en Chile de clase media cayó en
situación de vulnerabilidad. La pandemia los golpeó duramente.
7.
Los efectos de sus miedos existenciales son la obesidad, las adicciones
al alcohol, a las drogas, las muertes cardiovasculares y el deterioro de la salud
mental
LA ULTRA DERECHA LO ULTRA SABE.
Los únicos que dieron la batalla cultural durante la campaña,
fue la ultra derecha, con su jornal de injurias. Trolear y odiar en línea. El
avance electoral de la ultraderecha en Suecia o en Italia o en Brasil se basa
en avivar el resentimiento y el miedo de la clase media mundial. Ese es el
sustento material del deterioro de la política, controlada desde arriba por la
ultra derecha.
Troleo y el odio, el escándalo, la sospecha, la manipulación, el antagonismo
estereotipado, el anti elitismo, la xenofobia, la conspiración, el nacionalismo
apocalíptico. Eso lo ha estudiado la perspicaz socióloga alemana,
Carolin Amlinger, entre otras.
CAMPAÑA DEL
APRUEBO
La
campaña del Apruebo del tipo allendista jacobina fue la repetición de sus marchas,
canciones y estilos. Emocionalidad allendista acentuando los asuntos de
identidad. Una sola franja en la tele. La campaña del Apruebo no le habló a la Clase
Media chilena. Más bien los aburrieron. Tampoco usaron de modo sistemático las
redes sociales, el modo de información preferido de las clases medias.
Resultado:
un 38%.
Son
muchos votos igual. Son 4.860.093 millones de chilenos.
Pero al
Apruebo le faltaron 12%. Le faltaron un millón y medio de votos. (1.511.432,5
votos) para llegar al 50%.
Los
allendistas jacobinos tienen todo el derecho a pensar como piensan.
¿Les gusta
soñar como hace 50 años atrás?
No hay
nada malo en ello.
Sólo que
en política no alcanza.
DEFENSA DE GABRIEL BORIC
Un presidente para dirigir su nación debe intentar comprender
el mundo.
Es lo que hace el presidente Gabriel Boric.
Intuye
bien. Tiene talento.
Hay que incorporar,
sublime invento.
Un líder
estimable, a veces, también debe consolar a toda la nación.
Es el
primer grado de civilización.
De
hecho, en la campaña electoral de la segunda vuelta, (Boric contra Kast), Boric
articuló bien un discurso más amplio. Y derrotó a Kast con una diferencia de casi
un millón de votos. (926.755 votos de diferencia).
Sumó.
Fue una victoria pura. Y por eso, el poder de Gabriel Boric reside en la
Nación.
Es en
los detalles donde se muestra el carácter de un líder (Plutarco). Gabriel Boric es un chileno tallado en el clima
frío y riguroso de Magallanes. Posee cualidades que el resto de los chilenos
solemos carecer: sangre fría, prudencia y pertinacia, naturalidad y falta de
ostentación.
Es un líder
con espíritu pacificador que puede ayudar a Chile.
Tal vez, una forma de construir un estilo de gobernar es unir a través de una política cultural de
excelencia. Hacer madurar un espíritu, un lenguaje, perfeccionar un estilo
común.
miércoles, noviembre 02, 2022
Una derrota y un lamento. por Pérez Santiago
Revista
Off The Record, Noviembre 2022. https://www.offtherecordonline.cl/
Su nombre de batalla es Eneas, el troyano.
Troya había caído en la bien dura derrota
y la noticia daba vuelta al mediterráneo.
En su velero la lluvia le nubló los ojos,
Empapado de agua salada, el pelo muy lacio,
Arquitectura imponente de bellas columnas,
Eneas se sorprende que la última noticia
La reina Dido, espléndida de belleza y gracia.
Me llamo Naufrago, Zozobra, le dijo Eneas.
La vida nunca es tan mala, nunca es tan mala.
Ella lo esperaba, era su sueño tremendo.
Los mejores días vive, es su sueño querido.
Muda clavó los ojos en el piso de loza.
Desde la orilla de la playa, pelo tan suelto,
'Te llevaste contigo mis últimos pasos.
Y la luz, las llamas en que arde la enamorada
Ahí se va, se va, se va para siempre el barco.
Un día, Eneas errante baja al infierno.
Ella era mármol, no quiso mirar ni escuchar
El llanto murmullo que aún hoy tristes oímos.
(La Eneida de Virgilio y las Heroidas de Ovidio).
sábado, octubre 15, 2022
Jorge Luis Borges visits Machu Picchu. Escritores en Machu Picchu
Jorge Luis Borges visits Machu Picchu
LIFE. On Sunday, 25 April 1965, Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, a 66-year-old, got off a plane at Lima’s international airport. He was accompanied by his student, the educated, young and beautiful María Esther Vázquez, 27. They stayed at Hotel Bolivar, Plaza San Martín, in the historic centre of Lima.
On Monday Borges gave a press conference. He admitted that he knew little about Peruvian literature. In the traditional Café de Los Huérfanos, which still exists and where the speciality is sweet anise bread, Borges had a coffee with numerous writers. Then he visited the ‘Gold of Peru’ exhibition at the Museum of Art on the Paseo Colón.
The following morning Borges spoke at the National University about ‘The Metaphor’, one of his favourite subjects. On Wednesday, 28 April, Borges and María Esther Vásquez travelled by plane to Cusco. In Cusco, he was taken to see the Stone of the Twelve Angles on Calle Hatunrumiyoq. The stone is a cultural heritage of Peru – the base previously held the palace of Inca Roca and now supports the Archbishop’s Palace.
From Cusco, they travelled on the small train to Aguas Calientes and then by bus to the terraces of Machu Picchu. Borges, erect, almost blind but active, swaying like a wild boar and leaning on his bamboo stick, approached the terraces as María Esther was telling him what she saw. They took the classic photo with the citadel behind them.
Jorge Luis Borges was dressed in a khaki suit. María Kodama wore a two-piece suit. At the airport, he was received by a group of students as if he were a Beatle. They settled in Cesar’s hotel in Miraflores. Borges gave numerous interviews at honorary dinners with writers and finally at critical academic events, such as the reception of the Honoris Causa Doctorate from the rector of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, José Tola Pasquel.
Maybe at that moment, Borges understood that Machu Picchu had nothing to do with him. Alternatively, perhaps he imagined it as a maze of stones, a large circular space where a lion and his hunter were hopelessly dead. María Esther Vásquez explained later:
‘Borges could be moved by the sound of a verse or the poetic cadence of a phrase, but the feeling of the terraces of the pre-Columbian past, so close to the sky, did not stir his aesthetic passion. I never saw him more politely bored.’
The ruins of Machu Picchu did not dazzle him. On Friday, 30 April 1965, Borges left Peru. He would not remember those five days, but he went back. On 21 November 1978, the Argentine writer landed in Lima again. By now he was 79 years old and accompanied by his friend and personal assistant, María Kodama. She was 41 years old but had the face of a teenager.
Jorge Luis Borges was dressed in a khaki suit. María Kodama wore a two-piece suit. At the airport, he was received by a group of students as if he were a Beatle. They settled in Cesar’s hotel in Miraflores. Borges gave numerous interviews at honorary dinners with writers and finally at critical academic events, such as the reception of the Honoris Causa Doctorate from the rector of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, José Tola Pasquel.
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On Friday, 24 November, they flew to Cusco. If Borges did not like Machu Picchu, why would he return? Well, he liked paradoxes. In Lima, Peruvian writer and journalist Alfredo Barnechea asked Borges a precise question:
‘Why do you go to Machu Picchu?’
Borges responded politely:
‘There are two reasons. First, I want to see Cusco again, I know how much it impressed me, and I know that now, although I cannot see it, I will believe to see it. And then I want María Kodama to see Machu Picchu.’
Borges arrived in the town of Aguas Calientes affected by altitude sickness, which is not unusual for a 79-year-old man. The lack of air affected him. He got on the bus that climbed the hill to the sanctuary. The entrance to the ruins was full of tourists waiting for their turn to enter Machu Picchu.
In 1946 the first hotel was created there. In the hotel lobby, the pale Borges sat silently and motionless in an armchair, drinking coca tea under the supervision of María Kodama. Borges was not impressed. Back in Cusco, he got excited about the history of an old house, a relic. He visited Casa Cabrera, a pre-Columbian art museum, near the Plaza de Armas. Borges mentioned that Cabrera was one of his ancestors. The Spanish conqueror Jerónimo de Cabrera (1528-1574) had lived in Cusco, and his house is a museum today. Cabrera left Cusco and founded the city of Córdoba in Argentina.
Borges’s genius was a little petulant. In Cusco, Borges’s rancid soul appeared as a ghost, to vindicate supposed old kinships with Jerónimo de Cabrera. This is what Borges said:
‘Jerónimo de Cabrera was one of the thousands of my ancestors. The Peruvians took me to their house in Cusco. It was strange for me to think that from that house, Jerome had left Cusco, never to return.’
On the morning of Sunday, 26 November, he flew to Buenos Aires. In 1986 Borges married María Kodama in Geneva and died two months later.
Allen Ginsberg visits Machu Picchu. Escritores en Machu Picchu
Allen Ginsberg visits Machu Picchu
EXPERIENCE. On January 20th 1960, Allen Ginsberg flew from New York and landed at the Los Cerrillo’s airfield in Santiago. The poet was bearded and short-sighted, had dark eyes with optical lenses and carried a backpack. Ginsberg told reporters ‘I’m here to have fun’, but the next day a newspaper would write, perhaps maliciously: ‘I’m here to fuck one’.
Allen Ginsberg published his book Howl in 1957. Its impact on the literary world was like that of a cluster bomb. Chilean poet Gonzalo Rojas sent him an invitation to participate in a meeting organised by the Universidad de Concepción in 1960.
He stayed at the Pan-American hotel on Teatinos Street, next to the presidential palace La Moneda. He went to Café Il Bosco, the bustling bohemian centre in Alameda. Il Bosco was full of journalists, writers, night owls, cabaret performers, comedians and nightclubs dancers.
The following day a skinny man, only 25 years old, appeared at the entrance of the hotel. It was the poet Jorge Tellier. He did an interview which he published in Ultramar magazine. Ginsberg travelled in a van to Los Cerrillos where a plane took him to Concepción. The ‘First meeting of American writers’ was held between January 20th and 25th.
On April 21st Allen Ginsberg arrived in Cusco. He spent five days in the city. Then he went to the Machu Picchu area where a guard offered him accommodation in his hut. From there he wrote to his boyfriend, Peter, describing the cliffs and snow-capped mountains of the Andes. Ginsberg did not find what he was looking for: the sacred plant of the Incas – Ayahuasca, the rope of the dead.
Ginsberg stayed at the City Hotel, famous for its parties, boîte and elegant rooms. On January 21st he reads Howl in the auditorium of the University. In a letter he sent to his lover Peter Orlovsky he writes that the central discussion was about the relationship between art and politics. ‘Everyone expects the revolution.’ He wrote about the poet Luis Oyarzún, whom he described as a ‘roly-poly philosopher’, member of a semi-secret queer society. The writer Luis Oyarzún was then 40 years old. In 1954 he had been president of the Society of Writers. He also meets the Peruvian writer, Sebastián Salazar Bondy, director of the Institute of Contemporary Art of Lima. He invited him to Lima.
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In the early morning of January 26th, Ginsberg and his backpack got on the train that would take him further south. He wandered the wet streets of the cities of southern Chile; Temuco and Puerto Montt. Then he returned to Santiago and met the famous poets, Nicanor Parra, Jorge Teillier and Pablo de Rokha. He spent three months in Chile. In April he went to La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, writing:
”How real is Bolivia? With its snowy Andes rising above the modern city, now that one is in La Paz, which means The Peace in Spanish.”
On April 21st Allen Ginsberg arrived in Cusco. He spent five days in the city. Then he went to the Machu Picchu area where a guard offered him accommodation in his hut. From there he wrote to his boyfriend, Peter, describing the cliffs and snow-capped mountains of the Andes. Ginsberg did not find what he was looking for: the sacred plant of the Incas – Ayahuasca, the rope of the dead.
On May 5th Ginsberg went to Lima by bus. He stayed at the legendary Hotel Comercio, in front of the Desamparados Railway Station. The hotel has a famous bar on the ground floor, the Cordano bar. As in Il Bosco de Santiago, pisco sours were famous in the Cordano bar. Ginsberg reads Howl in a tiny room of the Institute of Contemporary Art, steps away from San Martin Square, on May 12th, 1960.
Ginsberg hiked in the Peruvian Amazon jungle through Huánuco to Pucallpa. Pucallpa reminded him in some city of Tibet. There he drank the hallucinogenic ayahuasca. In a letter sent to Burroughs Allen Ginsberg described his experience in these terms:
‘Drank a cup -slightly old stuff, several old and slightly fermented also- lay back and after an hour (in a bamboo hut outside his shack, where the shaman cooks) began seeing or feeling what I thought was a Great Being or a lake that approaching my mind like a great wet vagina was.’
On July 8th, 1960, Ginsberg departed from Lima airport back to New York.
Pablo Neruda visit Machu Picchu. Escritores en Machu Picchu
Pablo Neruda visit Machu Pichu
LIFE. “Like hundreds of visitors, I look out over the mighty ruin city of Machu Picchu in Peru. Below is the winding river Urubamba or Willcamayu, which in Quechua means ”the sun’s river”. I sigh with amazement, as do hundreds of hundreds of tourists every day, at the sight of these high mountains and the most famous creation of Inca culture.
Although it is not so easy to get here, the number of tourists increases every year. In an hour and a half, a bus takes us early in the morning from Cusco to Ollantaytambo, where a train awaits to take us to Aguas Calientes, a tourist town among green mountains. From there, a bus takes us along a winding mountain road 700 meters up to the Machu Pichu entrance.”
In October 1943, poet Pablo Neruda was said to have visited Machu Picchu. According to him, the visit came to be a magical revelation that transformed him as a human and as a poet. In 1945, he published one of his best-known poems, Alturas de Macchu Picchu (”Machu Picchu’s Heights”).
How could Pablo Neruda get to the city of Machu Picchu, is a question that is asked spontaneously? Luis Nieto Degregori, one of the more critical writers in Cusco, has researched the story Pablo Neruda’s visit to Machu Picchu. His father, Luis Nieto Miranda, met Neruda in Cusco in 1943.
In a 2004 chronicle entitled ”Neruda in Machu Picchu,” Luis Nieto Degregori claims that Neruda arrived in Cusco by train on the afternoon of October 26. With him was his wife Delia del Carril, the Peruvian writer Esteban Pavletich, as well as Uriel Garcia, writer and senator for Cusco.
Cusco, situated at 3,500 meters above sea level, was not the tourist Mecca of today. The city had only about 45,000 inhabitants, most of whom spoke Quechua that came to the Plaza de Armas chewing on coca leaves with their hats, colourful ponchos and llamas to sell agricultural products and handicrafts.
Cusco’s mayor appointed Neruda, the guest of honour in the city. During the visit, Neruda was hailed during a ceremony in Cusco’s theatre in the presence of representatives of cultural organisations, artists and workers from the area. Luis Nieto Miranda provided the welcome speech.
The Inca trail was an access road. Everyone who has passed it certifies that it is one of the most challenging paths on earth. The four-mile trail runs along steep mountain paths. The precolonial trail with high stone steps is maintained today by the guides. There are several archaeological centres and tunnels in the mountain. It takes four days and three nights to arrive, and you pass an altitude of 4,200 meters above sea level in cold air.
Neruda reads some of the poems. On All Saints’ Day, November 1, Neruda and his wife boarded the train to continue their journey to Chile. At the station, delegations from cultural organisations and trade unions dismissed them. Nieto Digregori claims that the local press did not inform about the poet’s visit to Machu Picchu. That trip must have taken place between Wednesday, October 27 and Saturday, October 30, 1943.
”On inaccessible paths and on ridge ridges, we came up to the lost city: Machu Picchu.” (Neruda, Condé Sur Iton, January 1972). “We got there on horseback. At that time, there was no road. From above, I could see the old stone buildings, surrounded by the high, green mountains of the Andes ”(Neruda, I confess I lived: memories, 1975).
Esteban Pavletich (1906-1981), a Peruvian writer, organised Neruda’s trip to Machu Picchu. Pavletich was 37 years old at this time and had the experience of climbing mountains after joining César Sandinos and Farabundo Martí’s guerrillas in Nicaragua in the late 1920s.
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The mystery remains. How did Pablo Neruda come up to Machu Picchu? One way to get to Machu Picchu was via Aguas Calientes, where the train has been going since 1934. From there, the trip went up on foot or on horseback. That was probably the road Neruda took. But it was not until 1948 that the winding road from Aguas Calientes was opened up to Machu Picchu, the so-called Hiram Bingham’s road. And it was not until 1950 that Machu Picchu was opened to tourists.
The Inca trail was an access road. Everyone who has passed it certifies that it is one of the most challenging paths on earth. The four-mile trail runs along steep mountain paths. The precolonial trail with high stone steps is maintained today by the guides. There are several archaeological centres and tunnels in the mountain. It takes four days and three nights to arrive, and you pass an altitude of 4,200 meters above sea level in cold air.
This is heaven. Altitude sickness can cause headaches, dizziness, lack of appetite and difficulty sleeping and can have complicated consequences. You have to prepare physically, and it is important to drink a lot of tea of coca leaves. It is an adventurous route. The day we visited Machu Picchu it started to rain.
We took the bus down to Aguas Calientes, and before we drank a Pisco Sour, it started raining with lightning and thunderous thunder. From the terrace of the restaurant, we saw how American, German, Italian, French and Spanish tourists continued to pour into Machu Picchu. No one goes astray anymore; everyone is well informed with the help of map and GPS in their iPhones. All are equipped with rain cover, hat and boots.
The journey to Macchu Picchu is still an unpredictable adventure to this day, also for well-trained tourists who travel a safer route than the Inca Trail. Pablo Neruda was not an Indiana Jones. Neruda was an urban bohemian dandy. He wasn´t a rock climber.
Could Neruda really have made it to Machu Picchu during a four-day ride? I haven’t been able to confirm that.
martes, octubre 11, 2022
LA VIDA ES SUEÑO, COMO GOBERNAR EN EL FIN DE LOS TIEMPOS BARROCOS.
Escenas de la vida posmoderna: intelectuales, arte y videocultura en la Argentina de Beatriz Sarlo
Hace treinta años, el diario La Época de Chile publicó mi reseña del importante libro de Beatriz Sarlo, "Escenas de la vida posmodern...
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El noruego Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899-1991) escribió en 1933 el ensayo “El último Mesías”. Según él, el hombre se encuentra en...